Corporate Actions
Bonus, splits, buybacks, and rights — decoded for retail.
Sweat Equity Shares: Meaning, Rules, Tax and Dilution
Sweat equity shares reward employees and directors with ownership. Learn how they work in India — the rules, the tax, the difference from ESOPs, and how dilution quietly affects every other shareholder.
Bonus Shares Explained: How They Work and What Really Changes
Bonus shares are extra shares a listed Indian company gives free to existing shareholders in a fixed ratio. Here is how they work, why companies issue them, and what really changes about your holding.
Share Buybacks in India: Tender Offers, Tax & the Open-Market Phase-Out
After the 2024 deemed-dividend tax change and the 2025 phase-out of stock-exchange buybacks, Indian buybacks now mostly run as tender offers. Here is how the tender route works, what changed in tax, and how to decide whether to tender.
ESOPs Explained — For Employees and Traders
An Employee Stock Option Plan, explained for both sides: how vesting, strike price, Indian tax and dilution actually work, plus what employees and traders should each ask before getting excited or worried.
Preferential Allotment Explained: How It Works in India
A preferential allotment is when a listed Indian company issues new shares to a chosen group of investors. Learn the SEBI pricing rule, the lock-in periods, and how to read every allotment announcement.
Rights Issue Explained: Meaning, REs and TERP
Rights issue explained in plain English: how Rights Entitlements (REs), the record date, TERP and ASBA work — and whether to subscribe, sell your rights, or avoid letting them lapse, with real Indian examples.
Stock Split Meaning in India: What Really Changes
Stock split meaning in India, explained simply: what changes, what stays the same, the key dates, tax basics, and real examples from NSE stocks like Tata Steel and Nestle India.
Record Date vs Ex-Date: What's the Difference?
Record date vs ex-date decides who gets a dividend, bonus or split in India. Under T+1 settlement the two fall on the same trading day — here is the one cutoff rule, with real-style dates and the mistakes that cost beginners their payout.
Real trading, explained simply.
Daily videos showing how trading actually works in real life — walked through step by step, in plain language, by VRD Rao.